Research to understand pathogenesis and natural history of disease following inhalation. Lung cellular and humoral immunological responses, both mucosal and deep lung, analyses of host targets and responses in the lungs, identify host response pathways and potential targets of intervention.  Research using appropriate animal disease models involves evaluating efficacy of potential therapeutic and prophylactic medical countermeasures, understanding mechanism of protection, developing surrogate markers of efficacy, immune correlates, defining immunological responses in the lung following both vaccination and challenge.